ARCH 230 Architecture & Cultural History I: Reference Works

Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Encyclopedias and dictionaries provide background information in many areas, and can help develop your research topic.

Tools for Developing Keywords

Why Reference Works?

Reference works are an excellent first stop in your research and are incredibly useful for the following:

  • Getting an overview of a topic
  • Getting topic ideas for a paper topic or narrowing your topic
  • Brainstorming keywords for searching and learning the vocabulary used by authors in that area
  • Learning the key works on a given topic
  • Discovering the key authors on a given topic

Reference works are a good starting off point, but should not be cited in your research as they are not considered primary or secondary sources. The only exception is when reference works contain primary and secondary sources (like collections of documents and essays).

Search for Reference Sources (PSU Only)


Types of Reference Sources