Evaluate & Choose Quality Sources: Are my Sources of Sufficient Quality?
Scholarly, Professional, Popular?
When you have a research assignment , note what types of articles are required evidence for your thesis or question. Some professors require you to use only scholarly peer-reviewed journals while others might allow professional or trade journals and newspapers.
Scholarly article - Peer-reviewed or scholarly articles are written by an expert or scholar in the field and reviewed by peers who are experts in the same subject.
Professional/trade article - Trade or professional journals have articles written by experts in the field or by staff writers. The articles are reviewed by the editor. The articlesusually do not include reference lists.
Popular journals - Popular journals or magazines are written for a general audience rather than for professionals or scholars. Examples include the New Yorker, National Geographic, and the Rolling Stone.
Peer-Reviewed, Popular…or in Between?
Questions to Ask when Evaluating Articles
| Scholarly, Peer-reviewed, Professional Journals | Popular Magazines | |
|---|---|---|
| Examples | Harvard Business Review; American Journal of Sociology; Modern Language Notes |
Newsweek; Sports Illustrated; People; National Geographic; Wired |
| What is “the look”? | Somber, serious with graphs and tables. Few, if any, pictures. | Attractive, slick with lots of pictures and advertisements. |
| Who is the audience? | Other professionals in the field or discipline. Language is scholarly and subject specific. | General audience. Language relative to the topic. Articles can be short and lacking depth. |
| What is the purpose? | To report original research or experimentation or persuade based on research. |
To entertain, to sell, or to promote a viewpoint. |
| Who wrote the article? | A scholar or researcher often with an institutional or academic affiliation. |
Freelance writers, magazine staff or a well-known person not necessarily an expert in the field. |
| How carefully is it documented? | Always has references, footnotes and/or a bibliography. Follows a style like APA or MLA. | Rarely cites sources or makes broad references to sources. |
Is it peer reviewed?
This video shows you different ways to check whether an article is peer-reviewed.
The C.R.A.P. Test in Action Video: Articles
This video demonstrates how you can use the C.R.A.P. test (Currency, Reliability, Authority, and Purpose/Point of View) to evaluate articles.
Acknowledging Bias in Research & Scholarship
Bias is a preference for one thing over another. Research and data are inherently biased due to preferences for certain perspectives. While researchers try to decrease bias in their work it is impossible to eliminate bias completely. Explicit and implicit (unconscious) bias can be found in data sampling, collection methods, analysis and how the data is shared. Bias is present on a systemic level in what gets researched, published, and cited.
As you are researching your topic ask yourself, what perspectives are being favored? What perspectives are missing? Why? How can you add missing perspectives to your paper?”
From: University of Minnesota "Bias in Research and Scholarship"